Sources and Variability of Greenhouse Gases over Greece
Résumé
This study provides an overview of the atmospheric drivers of climate change over Greece (Eastern Mediterranean), focusing on greenhouse gases (GHG: carbon dioxide, CO 2 ; methane, CH 4 ; etc.). CO 2 in Greece is mostly produced by energy production, followed by transport, construction, and industry. Waste management is the largest anthropogenic source of methane, accounting for 47% of total CH 4 emissions, surpassing emissions from the agricultural sector in 2017, while the energy sector accounts for the remaining 10.5%. In situ simultaneous observations of GHG concentrations in Greece conducted at three sites with different topologies (urban background; Athens, regional background; Finokalia and free troposphere; and Helmos) during the last 5 years (2019-2023) showed increasing trends of the order of 2.2 ppm•yr -1 and ~15 ppb•yr -1 for CO 2 and CH 4 , respectively, in line with the global trends. These increasing trends were found from both ground-based and satellitebased remote-sensing observations. Finally, during the lockdown period due to the COVID-19 global pandemic, a 58% reduction in CO 2 levels was observed in the urban background site of Athens after subtracting the regional background levels from Finokalia, while the respective reduction in CH 4 was of only the order of 15%, highlighting differences in emission sources.
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